morph形变
在共享元素的前后布局之间建立连续形变。
预览
一个形状平滑地变成另一个形状,例如灵动岛。
实现「形变」:在共享元素的前后布局之间建立连续形变。 参数设为时长 260ms、连续方式 morph、位移 48px、起始缩放 86%、曲线 soft。在状态发生变化时触发一次,并允许重新播放。使用语义化 HTML,CSS 作用域限定在 .motion-demo--morph,并挂载随组件提供的原生 JavaScript 交互运行时。为 prefers-reduced-motion 和 .force-reduced-motion 提供等价的低动态方案。
<div class="motion-demo motion-demo--morph" data-motion="morph" aria-label="形变 示例">
<div class="motion-replay-scene">
<article class="motion-surface">
<strong>形变</strong>
<span class="motion-line"></span>
<span class="motion-line"></span>
</article>
<div class="motion-action-row"><button class="motion-replay-button" type="button" data-motion-replay>重播动效</button></div>
</div>
</div>.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph {
box-sizing: border-box;
position: relative;
display: grid;
place-items: center;
width: min(100%, 34rem);
min-height: 15rem;
padding: 2rem;
overflow: hidden;
color: #18181b;
background: #fafafa;
border: 1px solid #e4e4e7;
border-radius: 16px;
isolation: isolate;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *, .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *::before, .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-surface {
position: relative;
display: grid;
gap: 0.65rem;
width: min(100%, 18rem);
padding: 1.25rem;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #e4e4e7;
border-radius: 16px;
box-shadow: none;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-surface strong { font-weight: 500; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-line {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 0.5rem;
background: #e4e4e7;
border-radius: 999px;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-line:last-child { width: 62%; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-button {
position: relative;
min-height: 2.75rem;
padding: 0.75rem 1.1rem;
color: white;
font: inherit;
font-weight: 700;
background: #18181b;
border: 0;
border-radius: 999px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-button:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid rgb(37 99 235 / 32%); outline-offset: 3px; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-action-row {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
gap: 0.5rem;
margin-top: 0.85rem;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-replay-scene {
width: min(100%, 22rem);
display: grid;
place-items: center;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-pausable-scene {
width: min(100%, 22rem);
display: grid;
place-items: center;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph button.motion-surface {
color: inherit;
font: inherit;
text-align: start;
cursor: pointer;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-replay-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-undo-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-dismiss-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-pause-button {
min-height: 2.75rem;
padding: 0.65rem 0.9rem;
color: #18181b;
font: 650 0.78rem/1 ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #d4d4d8;
border-radius: 8px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-replay-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-undo-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-dismiss-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-pause-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-reorder-item]:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-swipe-target]:focus-visible {
outline: 3px solid rgb(37 99 235 / 32%);
outline-offset: 3px;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-status {
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
padding: 0;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
white-space: nowrap;
border: 0;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-ripple-ink {
position: absolute;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
pointer-events: none;
background: rgb(255 255 255 / 72%);
border-radius: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.95);
opacity: 0;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-state-stack { position: relative; width: min(100%, 18rem); height: 9rem; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-state { position: absolute; inset: 0; display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 1rem; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e7; border-radius: 16px; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-state--to { background: #18181b; color: white; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-scroll-track > span { color: #71717a; font: 600 0.72rem/1.2 ui-monospace, monospace; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-orbit-item { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 2.5rem; height: 2.5rem; color: white; background: #2563eb; border-radius: 50%; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-text-stack { position: relative; width: min(100%, 18rem); min-height: 4rem; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph svg { width: min(100%, 20rem); height: auto; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-surface { width: min(100%, 18rem); transform-origin: center; animation: motion-morph 260ms cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1) both; }
@keyframes motion-morph { from { opacity: 0.65; transform: translateX(-17px) scale(0.86); } to { opacity: 1; transform: none; } }
@keyframes motion-morph-reduced-fade {
from { opacity: 0.84; }
to { opacity: 1; }
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph {
animation: motion-morph-reduced-fade 160ms cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1) both !important;
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *,
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *::before,
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *::after {
animation: none !important;
animation-delay: 0ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
transition-property: opacity, color, background-color, border-color !important;
transition-duration: 160ms !important;
transition-delay: 0ms !important;
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-button,
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-reorder-item],
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-swipe-target],
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-spring-target] {
transform: none !important;
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-path { stroke-dashoffset: 0 !important; }
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-word--from { opacity: 0 !important; visibility: hidden; }
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-word:not(.motion-word--from) { opacity: 1 !important; filter: none !important; transform: none !important; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph {
animation: motion-morph-reduced-fade 160ms cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1) both !important;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *, .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *::before, .motion-demo.motion-demo--morph *::after {
animation: none !important;
animation-delay: 0ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
transition-property: opacity, color, background-color, border-color !important;
transition-duration: 160ms !important;
transition-delay: 0ms !important;
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-reorder-item],
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-swipe-target],
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph [data-spring-target] {
transform: none !important;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-path { stroke-dashoffset: 0 !important; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-word--from { opacity: 0 !important; visibility: hidden; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--morph .motion-word:not(.motion-word--from) { opacity: 1 !important; filter: none !important; transform: none !important; }
}(() => {
const config = {
"id": "morph",
"duration": 260,
"distance": 48,
"resistance": 65,
"position": 50,
"stiffness": 220,
"damping": 24,
"mass": 1,
"velocity": 0,
"rippleSize": 220,
"rippleOpacity": 24,
"dragScale": 86,
"autoplay": false
};
const mount = (root, config) => {
const cleanups = [];
const addCleanup = (callback) => cleanups.push(callback);
const cleanup = () => {
for (let index = cleanups.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
try { cleanups[index](); } catch { /* keep cleanup reentrant */ }
}
cleanups.length = 0;
};
const on = (target, type, listener, options) => {
target.addEventListener(type, listener, options);
addCleanup(() => target.removeEventListener(type, listener, options));
};
const reduced = () => root.closest(".force-reduced-motion") !== null ||
window.matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)").matches;
const watchReduced = (callback) => {
const media = window.matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)");
const notify = () => callback(reduced());
media.addEventListener("change", notify);
const observer = typeof MutationObserver === "undefined" ? null : new MutationObserver(notify);
let ancestor = root;
while (observer && ancestor) {
observer.observe(ancestor, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ["class"] });
ancestor = ancestor.parentElement;
}
addCleanup(() => {
media.removeEventListener("change", notify);
if (observer) observer.disconnect();
});
};
const replay = root.querySelector("[data-motion-replay]");
if (!replay) return cleanup;
const restart = () => {
root.getAnimations({ subtree: true }).forEach((animation) => {
animation.cancel();
animation.currentTime = 0;
animation.play();
});
};
addCleanup(() => root.getAnimations({ subtree: true }).forEach((animation) => {
if (animation.playState === "paused") animation.play();
}));
on(replay, "click", restart);
return cleanup;
};
document.querySelectorAll("[data-motion=\"morph\"]").forEach((root) => {
const cleanupKey = "__motionLexiconCleanup";
if (typeof root[cleanupKey] === "function") root[cleanupKey]();
root[cleanupKey] = mount(root, config);
});
})();深入了解
术语与辨析
morph形变
MorphInterpolated geometry reshapes one visual form into another across a continuous transition.
一个形状平滑地变成另一个形状,例如灵动岛。
continuity-transition连续性过渡
Continuity transitionA transition preserves recognizable geometry or position across states so viewers can follow the change.
通过视觉连接变化前后的状态来帮助用户保持方位感,例如让同一个矩形放大或缩小。
连续性过渡是一条保持前后关联的设计原则;形变是实现连续性的具体方式之一。
shared-element-transition共享元素过渡
Shared element transitionA persistent visual object changes position, size, or styling while connecting two layouts.
同一个元素从一个位置移动并变换到另一个位置,例如缩略图展开成卡片。
共享元素过渡让同一元素跨布局移动并变换;形变强调一个形状变成另一个形状。
layout-animation布局动画
Layout animationChanges in measured position or dimensions are animated between layout snapshots.
元素尺寸或位置变化时,以动画移动到新状态,而非瞬间跳变。
布局动画把尺寸或位置变化平滑化;形变改变元素的形状。
实现前检查
- 目的
- 让一个形状平滑变为另一个形状,并保持对象身份连续。
- 频率
- 适合低频品牌符号、图标和高价值状态变化;常用控件保持更克制。
- 触发
- 由对象状态真正改变时触发,前后形状应具有可理解的对应关系。
- 进入 / 离开
- 进入与离开共享同一几何对象和插值路径;复杂路径先统一节点数量。
- 可打断性
- 中断时从当前插值形状转向新目标,避免回到任一端点。
- 手势与键盘
- 手势驱动形变要把进度连续映射到输入;离散控件提供键盘切换。
- 减弱动效策略
- 使用静态状态替换或短交叉淡化,同时保持对象位置与尺寸连续。
可访问性
使用静态状态替换或短交叉淡化,同时保持对象位置与尺寸连续。
参数参考
| 参数 | 范围 / 选项 | 默认值 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|---|
duration | 80ms–1200ms | 260ms | 控制一次动效完成所需的时间。 |
mode | 形状形变 / 连续过渡 / 共享元素 / 布局变化 | 形状形变 | 选择前后状态保持连续的方式。 |
distance | 0px–120px | 48px | 控制元素移动的空间距离。 |
scale | 70%–105% | 86% | 控制元素相对最终尺寸的起始比例。 |
ease | 柔和 / 清脆 / 平稳 / 匀速 | 柔和 | 控制速度随时间变化的方式。 |
交付前检查
- 明确区分形变、共享元素过渡和布局动画。
- 检查中间形状不会产生自相交或闪烁。