idle-animation空闲动效
用低幅度呼吸或漂浮提示元素仍处于可用、等待或活跃状态。
预览
元素静置并等待交互时播放的细微运动。
标准减弱
标准减弱
预览
实现「空闲动效」:用低幅度呼吸或漂浮提示元素仍处于可用、等待或活跃状态。 参数设为单轮时长 2200ms、位移 8px、方式 float、停顿 300ms。循环期间支持暂停,并控制持续动态的干扰。使用语义化 HTML,CSS 作用域限定在 .motion-demo--idle-animation,并挂载随组件提供的原生 JavaScript 交互运行时。为 prefers-reduced-motion 和 .force-reduced-motion 提供等价的低动态方案。
<div class="motion-demo motion-demo--idle-animation" data-motion="idle-animation" aria-label="空闲动效 示例">
<div class="motion-pausable-scene">
<article class="motion-surface">
<strong>空闲动效</strong>
<span class="motion-line"></span>
<span class="motion-line"></span>
</article>
<div class="motion-action-row"><button class="motion-pause-button" type="button" data-motion-pause data-pause-label="暂停动效" data-resume-label="继续动效" aria-pressed="false" aria-disabled="true" disabled><span data-motion-pause-label>暂停动效</span></button></div>
</div>
</div>.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation {
box-sizing: border-box;
position: relative;
display: grid;
place-items: center;
width: min(100%, 34rem);
min-height: 15rem;
padding: 2rem;
overflow: hidden;
color: #18181b;
background: #fafafa;
border: 1px solid #e4e4e7;
border-radius: 16px;
isolation: isolate;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *, .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *::before, .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *::after {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-surface {
position: relative;
display: grid;
gap: 0.65rem;
width: min(100%, 18rem);
padding: 1.25rem;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #e4e4e7;
border-radius: 16px;
box-shadow: none;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-surface strong { font-weight: 500; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-line {
display: block;
width: 100%;
height: 0.5rem;
background: #e4e4e7;
border-radius: 999px;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-line:last-child { width: 62%; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-button {
position: relative;
min-height: 2.75rem;
padding: 0.75rem 1.1rem;
color: white;
font: inherit;
font-weight: 700;
background: #18181b;
border: 0;
border-radius: 999px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-button:focus-visible { outline: 3px solid rgb(37 99 235 / 32%); outline-offset: 3px; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-action-row {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
gap: 0.5rem;
margin-top: 0.85rem;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-replay-scene {
width: min(100%, 22rem);
display: grid;
place-items: center;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-pausable-scene {
width: min(100%, 22rem);
display: grid;
place-items: center;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation button.motion-surface {
color: inherit;
font: inherit;
text-align: start;
cursor: pointer;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-replay-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-undo-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-dismiss-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-pause-button {
min-height: 2.75rem;
padding: 0.65rem 0.9rem;
color: #18181b;
font: 650 0.78rem/1 ui-sans-serif, system-ui, sans-serif;
background: #ffffff;
border: 1px solid #d4d4d8;
border-radius: 8px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-replay-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-undo-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-dismiss-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-pause-button:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-reorder-item]:focus-visible,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-swipe-target]:focus-visible {
outline: 3px solid rgb(37 99 235 / 32%);
outline-offset: 3px;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-status {
position: absolute;
width: 1px;
height: 1px;
padding: 0;
margin: -1px;
overflow: hidden;
clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
white-space: nowrap;
border: 0;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-ripple-ink {
position: absolute;
width: 12px;
height: 12px;
pointer-events: none;
background: rgb(255 255 255 / 72%);
border-radius: 50%;
transform: translate(-50%, -50%) scale(0.95);
opacity: 0;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-state-stack { position: relative; width: min(100%, 18rem); height: 9rem; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-state { position: absolute; inset: 0; display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 1rem; background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #e4e4e7; border-radius: 16px; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-state--to { background: #18181b; color: white; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-scroll-track > span { color: #71717a; font: 600 0.72rem/1.2 ui-monospace, monospace; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-orbit-item { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 2.5rem; height: 2.5rem; color: white; background: #2563eb; border-radius: 50%; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-text-stack { position: relative; width: min(100%, 18rem); min-height: 4rem; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation svg { width: min(100%, 20rem); height: auto; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-surface { animation: motion-idle-animation 2500ms cubic-bezier(0.77, 0, 0.175, 1) infinite; }
@keyframes motion-idle-animation { 0%, 100% { opacity: 1; transform: none; } 50% { transform: translateY(-8px); } }
@keyframes motion-idle-animation-reduced-fade {
from { opacity: 0.84; }
to { opacity: 1; }
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation {
animation: motion-idle-animation-reduced-fade 160ms cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1) both !important;
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *,
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *::before,
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *::after {
animation: none !important;
animation-delay: 0ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
transition-property: opacity, color, background-color, border-color !important;
transition-duration: 160ms !important;
transition-delay: 0ms !important;
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-button,
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-reorder-item],
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-swipe-target],
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-spring-target] {
transform: none !important;
}
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-path { stroke-dashoffset: 0 !important; }
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-word--from { opacity: 0 !important; visibility: hidden; }
.force-reduced-motion .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-word:not(.motion-word--from) { opacity: 1 !important; filter: none !important; transform: none !important; }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation {
animation: motion-idle-animation-reduced-fade 160ms cubic-bezier(0.23, 1, 0.32, 1) both !important;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *, .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *::before, .motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation *::after {
animation: none !important;
animation-delay: 0ms !important;
animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
transition-property: opacity, color, background-color, border-color !important;
transition-duration: 160ms !important;
transition-delay: 0ms !important;
scroll-behavior: auto !important;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-button,
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-reorder-item],
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-swipe-target],
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation [data-spring-target] {
transform: none !important;
}
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-path { stroke-dashoffset: 0 !important; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-word--from { opacity: 0 !important; visibility: hidden; }
.motion-demo.motion-demo--idle-animation .motion-word:not(.motion-word--from) { opacity: 1 !important; filter: none !important; transform: none !important; }
}(() => {
const config = {
"id": "idle-animation",
"duration": 2200,
"distance": 8,
"resistance": 65,
"position": 50,
"stiffness": 220,
"damping": 24,
"mass": 1,
"velocity": 0,
"rippleSize": 220,
"rippleOpacity": 24,
"dragScale": 103,
"autoplay": false
};
const mount = (root, config) => {
const cleanups = [];
const addCleanup = (callback) => cleanups.push(callback);
const cleanup = () => {
for (let index = cleanups.length - 1; index >= 0; index -= 1) {
try { cleanups[index](); } catch { /* keep cleanup reentrant */ }
}
cleanups.length = 0;
};
const on = (target, type, listener, options) => {
target.addEventListener(type, listener, options);
addCleanup(() => target.removeEventListener(type, listener, options));
};
const reduced = () => root.closest(".force-reduced-motion") !== null ||
window.matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)").matches;
const watchReduced = (callback) => {
const media = window.matchMedia("(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)");
const notify = () => callback(reduced());
media.addEventListener("change", notify);
const observer = typeof MutationObserver === "undefined" ? null : new MutationObserver(notify);
let ancestor = root;
while (observer && ancestor) {
observer.observe(ancestor, { attributes: true, attributeFilter: ["class"] });
ancestor = ancestor.parentElement;
}
addCleanup(() => {
media.removeEventListener("change", notify);
if (observer) observer.disconnect();
});
};
const button = root.querySelector("[data-motion-pause]");
const label = root.querySelector("[data-motion-pause-label]");
if (!button || !label) return cleanup;
button.disabled = false;
button.removeAttribute("aria-disabled");
let paused = false;
const toggle = () => {
paused = !paused;
root.getAnimations({ subtree: true }).forEach((animation) => paused ? animation.pause() : animation.play());
button.setAttribute("aria-pressed", String(paused));
label.textContent = paused
? button.dataset.resumeLabel || "Resume motion"
: button.dataset.pauseLabel || "Pause motion";
root.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(paused ? "motion:pause" : "motion:resume", { bubbles: true }));
};
addCleanup(() => {
root.getAnimations({ subtree: true }).forEach((animation) => {
if (animation.playState === "paused") animation.play();
});
paused = false;
button.setAttribute("aria-pressed", "false");
button.disabled = true;
button.setAttribute("aria-disabled", "true");
label.textContent = button.dataset.pauseLabel || "Pause motion";
});
on(button, "click", toggle);
return cleanup;
};
document.querySelectorAll("[data-motion=\"idle-animation\"]").forEach((root) => {
const cleanupKey = "__motionLexiconCleanup";
if (typeof root[cleanupKey] === "function") root[cleanupKey]();
root[cleanupKey] = mount(root, config);
});
})();深入了解
术语与辨析
idle-animation空闲动效
Idle animation英文定义
Low-intensity ambient motion gives a waiting element activity without requiring input.
中文翻译
元素静置并等待交互时播放的细微运动。
pulse脉冲
Pulse英文定义
A low-amplitude cycle of scale, opacity, or color periodically emphasizes an element.
中文翻译
通过轻柔重复的缩放或透明度变化吸引注意。
辨析
脉冲通过重复缩放或透明度变化吸引注意;空闲动效是包含脉冲在内的更宽泛类别。
float漂浮
Float英文定义
A slow repeating translation produces a light hovering impression around a stable resting point.
中文翻译
轻柔、持续的上下漂移,让静态元素显得有生命力且轻盈。
辨析
漂浮持续进行轻微上下位移;空闲动效也可以使用脉冲等其他低强度动作。
实现前检查
- 目的
- 通过低幅度漂浮或脉冲提示元素处于可用、等待或活跃状态。
- 频率
- 只在长时间静置时低频出现,用户开始操作后立即停止。
- 触发
- 由空闲计时器或持续状态触发,页面隐藏和元素离屏时暂停。
- 进入 / 离开
- 从稳定状态渐入低幅度循环,退出时在最近的中性帧停止。
- 可打断性
- 输入到来时取消循环并平滑回到稳定值,避免与交互反馈叠加。
- 手势与键盘
- 空闲动效不承担操作;真实控件仍提供明确点击、触摸和键盘反馈。
- 减弱动效策略
- 关闭自动漂浮和脉冲,使用静态状态标记。
可访问性
减弱动效
关闭自动漂浮和脉冲,使用静态状态标记。
参数参考
| 参数 | 范围 / 选项 | 默认值 | 作用 |
|---|---|---|---|
duration | 1000ms–6000ms | 2200ms | 控制完整循环的节奏;持续动态需要支持暂停并保持低干扰。 |
distance | 0px–24px | 8px | 控制元素移动的空间距离。 |
style | 漂浮 / 呼吸 | 漂浮 | 选择方式。 |
pause | 0ms–1200ms | 300ms | 调节停顿。 |
交付前检查
- 确认动效只在真正空闲后开始。
- 控制振幅和对比,避免持续吸引注意。